All it told Ms Cartier though was that her brother hadnt killed himself. [126] Latrodectism has been misdiagnosed as various medical conditions including acute hepatitis, sepsis, testicular torsion or an acute abdomen. Despite their intimidating large size and hairy legs, (6cm body and up to 16cm legspan) tarantulas arent fatal to humans; they can render painful bites because of their large fangs (1cm long), but severe effects (nausea, vomiting, fever) are rare. To learn more about Copies Direct watch this. ", Mary Elizabeth Wilson earned herself the nickname "the Merry Widow of Windy Nook," in part because her husbands kept dying, and in part because she was predictably cheery about it. In this case, the death occurred from secondary infection; and the man in question had just recovered from a serious car accident. Abbey Dwyer is a popular student in her senior year at Richardson High. Her 13 day trial heard the gripping details of the police case. [22] They sometimes work cooperatively, climbing, releasing silk and being carried off in clusters. Although the threads seem random, they are strategically placed for support and entrapment of prey. I couldnt believe my eyes. Byers maintained her innocence until years later when she admitted to killing Mr Gottgens. The city of Adelaide. [91][92] Venom is produced by holocrine glands in the spider's chelicerae (mouth parts). "What I submit is that police have clearly got it wrong and they have no basis, even on the balance of probabilities to make that assertion.". [9], Before DNA analysis, the taxonomy of the widow spider genus Latrodectus had been unclearchanges in the number of species reflect the difficulty of using morphology to determine subdivisions within the genus. [68], There is an established population of redback spiders in Osaka, Japan,[43][69][70] thought to have arrived in cargoes of wood chips. The redback is one of the few spider species that can be seriously harmful to humans, and its liking for habitats in built structures has led it to being responsible for a large number of serious spider bites in Australia. ", "Internet Black Widow sentenced to 3 years in jail", "How a smitten man came face to face with the 'Internet Black Widow. [2] From 1977 to 1991, she served prison sentences for more than 30 convictions of fraud. Sirhan's lawyer Angela Berry disputed that, saying Sirhan has shown that awareness, and his . Phil was left-handed and wrote very firmly, almost engraving. [10][17], A member of the genus Latrodectus in the family Theridiidae, the redback belongs in a clade with the black widow spider,[10] with the katip as its closest relative. [102][120] Other non-specific systemic effects such as malaise and lethargy are also common. He said: There can hardly be a clearer case of calculated pre-planning than the case before me.. paper responded in the same issue by suggesting patients for whom antivenom is considered should be fully informed "there is considerable weight of evidence to suggest it is no better than placebo", and in light of a risk of anaphylaxis and serum sickness, "routine use of the antivenom is therefore not recommended". [35] Juvenile spiders build webs,[30] sometimes with other spiders. Ironically, that was a widely accepted belief at the time some of these infamous black widows were killing, enjoying the fruits of their labors, and then moving on to the next target. Recent trials show antivenom has a low response rate little better than placebo, and any effect is less than might be achieved with optimal use of standard analgesics. Her murderous habits were also blamed, in part, on her voracious appetite for romance novels; it was later suggested that she thought of herself as one of her beloved, fictional femme fatales. Their venom has a compound that can attack the human nervous system and alter the functioning of all organs and, when coming from a male, can kill. The court was told of the lengths shed gone to cover her tracks, but it was the planning that went into the killing that were just as confronting. (Australian musical acts) (Spotlight on Australia)", "Would the Real First Matilda Bay Beer Please Stand Up? Over 700 have been found near the container terminal in Hakata Bay, Fukuoka City. Meet MichelleThe Black Widow Of Adelaide Michelle Burgess and just-released petty criminal, drug-addict and would-be assassin, David Key pulled up outside Carolyn Matthews' home at Nambucca Avenue, a block behind Adelaide's beach, at 5.45 p.m. Key did a U-turn in the Corolla and braked. [23] The close relationship between the redback and the New Zealand katip also supports the native status of both in their respective countries. Active at night, they hide during the day and rest with their legs withdrawn under the body, hanging off a thread under a leaf or in the clothes hanging from the line. It was only the skill of an amateur detective that her evil was finally exposed. Its true that we have some of the most venomous spiders in the world but Australias spider reputation is bigger than its bite: a death in April 2016 was the countrys first recorded spider-caused death since 1981. Spiderlings are cannibalistic, more active ones sometimes eating their less active siblings. By 2013, she was talking about marriage again to Minoru Hioki. [111] The antivenom has been safely administered to women in various stages of pregnancy. [10] Substantial interest in their systematics was most likely prompted by the medical importance of these venomous spiders. The manufacturer recommends IM use, with IV administration reserved for life-threatening cases. Today, she has . [62] In modern first aid, incising, sucking, applying bandages and tourniqueting are strongly discouraged. According to Psychology Today, the black widow serial killer is defined as a woman who had targeted and killed at least three men usually husbands, fiancs, or boyfriends in order to advance her own financial status. Their venom is similar to the funnel-web spiders, although no deaths have been attributed to them; only one case of severe envenomation has been recorded. [19] There is evidence of interbreeding between female katip and male redbacks in the wild. There are eight species of mouse spider found all across Australia and theyre typically found in burrows, often near rivers or waterways, and can occasionally be found in suburban areas. Milner discovered the body and made the tearful, panicked call to emergency services who rushed to their Christchurch home. His grieving wife, Milner, showed the suicide note to Mr Nisbets sister Lee-Anne Cartier after he died as proof that his death was self-inflicted. Byers, who is now in her 70s, was transferred to a South Australian prison in 2009. [79][80] The larger female spider is responsible for almost all cases of redback spider bites. [71] This area has vertical, sticky catching threads that run to ground attachments. Please check your requests before visiting. Search the catalogue for collection items held by the National Library of Australia. [83] Precautions to avoid being bitten include wearing gloves and shoes while gardening, not leaving clothes on the floor, and shaking out gloves or shoes before putting them on. We will contact you if necessary. Males which are not eaten die of their injuries soon after mating. 1. Dogs appear to have some resistance. They are famous for being the big (up to 15cm leg-span) scary, hairy, black spiders bolting out from behind the curtains. Introduction. Calvey continues to deny committing the murder, blaming it on her ex-lover, but her claims have been described as "cynical and self-serving". [7] If a male redback is accepted by a female, it is permitted to feed on the victims snared in the female's web. The adult female is easily recognised by her spherical black body with a prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen and an hourglass-shaped red/orange streak on the underside. [120], Around one in three subjects develops systemic symptoms;[102] after a number of hours, or rarely, delayed for more than 24 hours. Mr Vadasz told the court the original prosecutor in his client's trial never sought to determine where or how the victim was killed. Numbers of redback spider bites are uncertain, but about 2000 are reported each year and about 250 people receive antivenom. But Isao Kakehi didn't live to see in the new year. TV Shows. Jamie recalled, "I just kind of focused on my dad. She was never charged with a crime related to his death, but his sons later won back $15,000. Its original range is thought to be a relatively small arid part of South Australia and Western Australia. Only six were treated with the antivenom. 1, Charles Braggs, but he sensed something fishy. The current distribution reported by the World Spider Catalogue includes Southeast Asia and New Zealand. Phenergan is an antihistamine that Mr Nisbet was allergic to. This time, the cyanide capsule did the job. lugubris). [79][117][118], Envenomation from a redback spider bite produces a syndrome known as latrodectism. Found guilty of using arsenic to murder both her first and second husbands, Louisa Collins' case immediately became the cause celebre of Australia. Most serious bites are from the female redback spider, which measures about 1cm long (bigger than males) and is recognisable by the well-known red stripe on its back, from which it gains its name. [61] Rare complications include localised skin infection, seizure, coma, pulmonary oedema, or respiratory failure. He survived, though, and got the marriage annulled when she was arrested again. 2, George Ward, two more of her children were dead. Spider venom is designed for small prey and delivered in small quantities that, while often fatal to tiny creatures, can be handled by bigger organisms. This included reclassifying the redback and several other species as subspecies of the best-known member of the group, the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans), found in North America and other regions. Spiders are the most widely distributed venomous creatures in Australia, with an estimated 10,000 species inhabiting a variety of ecosystems. Japan's Supreme Court has upheld a death sentence given to a 74-year-old serial killer, known as the "Black Widow," for the murder of three men, including her husband, and the attempted murder. The police report given to the Parole Board stated she had killed him in his bed because there was evidence of blood spatter on the walls. She soon unveils her new teacher's dark past, but the teacher is one step ahead of her. Justice David Gendall told Milner at sentencing poisoning involved planning and subterfuge against an unsuspecting victim, according to stuff.co.nz. Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. Chisako Kakehi, now 74, is on death row for . The majority of cases do not require medical care, and patients with localised pain, swelling and redness usually require only local application of ice and simple oral analgesia such as paracetamol. [41] Baby spiders appear from September to January (spring to early summer). ", That's definitely the sort of thing that causes a lot of gossip, and it was the sort of gossip that law enforcement kind of needed to notice. But it wasn't until 2007 that Kakehistarted using a matchmaking agency to be paired with available men who would invariably end up dead. The exact fraction of bites that require antivenom is difficult to quantify, because many bites are unreported. Milner became known as the Black Widow after murdering her husband - Cartier's older brother Philip Nisbet - and staging. [22] Laboratory tests have shown that redbacks may survive for an average of 100 days, and sometimes over 300 days without any food, those starved at 10C (50 F) faring better than those kept without food at 25C (77 F). [18][20], The adult female redback has a body around 1 centimetre (0.4in) long, with slender legs, the first pair of which are longer than the rest. The official cause was cancer, but according to Cleveland, she was so reviled by the families of her long-dead husbands that some didn't even believe she was dead. (It was his death that finally got her arrested and charged not with murder, but with "solicitation to commit murder" and even that charge took two decades to stick). Ward died in 1866. [163] The redback appears in the name and emblem of the South Australia cricket team. The male bite usually only produces short-lived, mild pain. Females live for about 12 years and males about five. [14], German arachnologist Friedrich Dahl revised the genus in 1902 and named L. ancorifer from New Guinea,[15] which was later regarded as a subspecies of the redback. [3], In 1992, Shepard was convicted of manslaughter of Gordon Stewart, her 44-year-old second husband, after running him over twice with a car in 1991. The redback spider ( Latrodectus hasselti ), also known as the Australian black widow, [2] [3] [4] is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in South Australia or adjacent Western Australian deserts, but now found throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with colonies elsewhere outside Australia. [156][157] Newton recalled an occasion when a friend used his outside toilet where the light globe had blown and reported he was lucky there was not a redback spider on the toilet seat. Envenomation can cause various effects, but the main symptom is severe and persistent pain which can last hours to days depending on the persons sensitivity to the venom and may include nausea, malaise and lethargy. Instead, he focussed on differences in the morphology of the female sexual organs, and revised the number of recognised species from 22 to 6. Catherine Flannagan and Margaret Higgins. "She is the only one who knows what happened. She was found guilty and sentenced to hang, but a last-minute reprieve saw her facing life in prison. [22] When they encounter other spiders of the same species, often including those of the opposite sex, they engage in battle, and the defeated spider is eaten. [87][88] Conversely, bites on the head and neck have increased with use of safety helmets and ear muffs. This is a rich and detailed story told in the way only Carol Baxter can, bringing to life so many of the human aspects of our colonial history. [93][94] The venom of the redback spider is thought to be similar to that of the other Latrodectus spiders. 2, a marriage that lasted just two years and ended in divorce when she shot and wounded him after he broke her nose. And here's where things get a little shady, because documentation wasn't the most reliable at the time. Baxter, Carol J. By the time law enforcement went to talk with Lyda, she'd already absconded to Hawaii and hooked up with Paul Southard. For some, there's another component to the killing, too: sympathy. [35] Redback spiders do not usually drink, except when starved. [130] A significant proportion of bites will not result in envenomation or any symptoms developing; around 220% of bite victims have been treated with antivenom. He was immediately cremated, but that didn't stop investigators from noting that blood poisoning can present symptoms similar to poisoning with arsenic. [153] In 1893, the Camperdown Chronicle reported that a doctor noticed that a severely ill benumbed victim got much better overnight following treatment using injections of strychnine and cocaine;[16] strychnine had been popular as a snake bite antidote, but it was not effective. 26 reviews 'Never before in the hundred year history of Australia has a female prisoner become so notorious as Louisa Collins.' Menu. The redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti), also known as the Australian black widow,[2][3][4] is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in South Australia or adjacent Western Australian deserts, but now found throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with colonies elsewhere outside Australia. Investigators exhumed the bodies of the many deceased men and found they had all been killed by arsenic. Spiders tend to incite more fear than favour and even provoke phobias for some. Women poisoners -- New South Wales -- Sydney. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Author Lee Mellor (who appeared as a guest commentator in the Deadly Women episode "For the Money, Honey") included a passage on Shepard in his 2012 book Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder, where he posited that Shepard is Canada's only known example of a "black widow"-type serial killer.[15][16]. She was ultimately released into the custody of her sister in 1941. [c][80] In an Australian study of 750 emergency hospital admissions for spider bites where the spider was definitively identified, 56 were from redbacks. Black widows. Large predators have been heavily persecuted and removed from areas where they once lived because of conflict with livestock graziers. No deaths have been recorded since redback antivenom became available in the 1950s. [145] In 2016, the death of a bushwalker from a redback spider bite was widely reported. 5, Samuel Doss, died suddenly, an autopsy turned up traces of arsenic in his stomach. Webs are usually built in dry, dark, sheltered sites, such as among rocks, in logs, tree hollows, shrubs, old tyres, sheds, outhouses, empty tins and boxes, children's toys or under rubbish or litter. Production involves the milking of venom from redbacks and repeatedly inoculating horses with non-lethal doses. This marriage ended in divorce. A small but significant percentage of people bitten develop significant pain or systemic symptoms. Key points: Patricia Byers was convicted of murdering her partner in 1990 She has been in prison in South Australia since 2009 She wants to be released on parole [5] SAN DIEGO (AP) A California panel on Wednesday denied parole for Robert F. Kennedy assassin Sirhan Sirhan, saying the 78-year-old prisoner still lacks insight into what caused him to shoot the senator and presidential candidate in 1968. But he couldnt be saved. [149], Most traditional or historical first-aid treatments for redback spider bites are either useless or dangerous. [27] Small compared to the female,[28] the male redback is 34mm (0.120.16in) long and is light brown, with white markings on the upper side of the abdomen and a pale hourglass marking on the underside. Picture: Getty Images IT was Helen Milner's workmates who first called her "The Black Widow". [35] The liquid silk is drawn out into a long gossamer thread that, when long enough, carries the spider away. A 2006 questionnaire found that of 218 Emergency physicians, 34 used the antivenom IM exclusively, 36 used IM then IV, 63 IV exclusively and 80 had no preferencethat is, there was no consensus for preferred route. Helen Milner was jailed for a minimum 17 years for the murder of her husband, Philip Nisbet. [150] These include making incisions and promoting bleeding, using ligatures, applying alkaline solutions,[151] providing warmth,[152] and sucking the venom out. Every year, up to 30-40 people are bitten by funnel-web spiders. I paid for a DNA test to prove that Ben was Phils son, to prove that was a lie, Ms Cartier told the Herald on Sunday. The answer is much more sinister than you may think! He said the Parole Board was wrong to rely on the police report, which was flawed, and could therefore not draw conclusions that his client was being deceitful. [25], Commonly, prey-stealing occurs where larger females take food items stored in other spiders' webs. He had died in 1978 after showing symptoms of arsenic poisoning, and Buenoano collected on not just one, but three insurance policies. [99][105], Redback antivenom was developed by Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, then a government body involved with discovering antivenoms for many venomous Australian creatures. A new social media site has enabled industry-first technology that makes content impossible for creeps to screenshot and screen record. [23] Populations can be controlled by clearing these habitats,[63] squashing the spiders and their egg sacs,[29] and using pesticide in outhouses. But in fact she held a killer secret. No matter where you live, apex predators and large carnivores inspire awe as well as instil fear. The Australian redback spider, a close relative of American black widows, is another contender because its venom is more potent and its bites are more common than funnel-webs. Doss was married to her second husband for 16 years before killing him after killing off a few grandchildren in the meantime with a dose of rat poison. Catherine Flannagan (right) and Margaret Higgins were sisters living in the slums of Victorian-era Liverpool. [23] Once alerted to a creature becoming ensnared in a trap line, the redback advances to around a leg's length from its target, touching it and squirting a liquid glutinous silk over it to immobilise it. His family, understandably, were devastated with the loss of the 47-year-old. Kakehi had been preparing, already seeing a few other men. [3][6], In 2005, she settled with a man that she met online in Pinellas Park, Florida. [131][148], Redback spider bites are difficult to diagnose in pets unless witnessed. [82] Children, the elderly, or those with serious medical conditions are at much higher risk of severe effects resulting from a bite. Whatever the reason, she started killing while with husband No. Kakehi was first married in 1969, and that 25-year union came to an end with the death (of natural causes) of her husband in 1994. Cartier continued to gather evidence until police finally investigated her claims and eventually charged Milner with murder. [40] After hatching they spend about a week inside the egg sac, feeding on the yolk and molting once. She was sentenced to six years in prison but was released early on good behaviour,[4] serving just two years. [4][7], In 2012, she was charged with attempted murder of Fred Weeks, her fourth husband, and after pleading guilty to lesser charges, she was sentenced to three and a half years in prison. Laboratory tests are rarely needed and there is no specific test for the venom or latrodectism. [22], Another species in Australia with a similar physique, Steatoda capensis, has been termed the "false redback spider", but it is uniformly black (or plum), and does not display the red stripe.[29]. Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. The Most Infamous Black Widow Serial Killers, United States District Court Middle District of Florida. [102] In 2014 Isbister and others conducted a randomized controlled trial of intravenous antivenom versus placebo for Redback envenomation, finding the addition of antivenom did not significantly improve pain or systemic effects, while antivenom resulted in acute hypersensitivity reactions in 3.6 per cent of those receiving it. After the mysterious deaths of two of their daughters, he left and divorced her. Redback spiders are found throughout Australia and are common in disturbed and urban areas.. Redback Spider Identification. 2: She had been married to James Flynn when he died in 1955, and she told two entirely different stories about his death. Only six species have been officially identified, though its likely many more exists. IT was Helen Milners workmates who first called her The Black Widow. Predominantly neurotoxic to vertebrates, the venom gives rise to the syndrome of latrodectism in humans; this starts with pain around the bite site, which typically becomes severe and progresses up the bitten limb and persists for over 24 hours. Get incredible stories of extraordinary wildlife, enlightening discoveries and stunning destinations, delivered to your inbox. [31] Classified as a gum-footed tangle web, the web is an irregular-looking tangle of fine but strong silk. That kicked off an investigation that confirmed James Goodyear had died of arsenic poisoning. After mating sperm is stored in the spermathecae, organs of the female reproductive tract, and can be used up to two years later to fertilise several clutches of eggs. Females usually have a body length of about 10 millimetres (0.4in), while the male is much smaller, being only 34mm (0.120.16in) long. Lyda Southard, says Time, was born Lyda Trueblood in 1893. The Black Widow Murders were a colloquial name for a pair of murders committed by two pensioners in California: On April 18, 2008, Helen Golay, 78, formerly of Santa Monica, California, and Olga Rutterschmidt, 75, formerly of Hollywood, California, were convicted of the murders of two vagrants Paul Vados in 1999 and Kenneth McDavid in 2005. [7][22][62] Letterboxes and the undersurface of toilet seats are common sites. In the process of mating, the much smaller male somersaults to place his abdomen over the female's mouthparts. [22] Females with incomplete markings or all-black abdomens occasionally occur. Rarely, other effects are reported such as neurological manifestations, fever and priapism (uncontrolled erection of the penis). [48][49], Once the female has mated, the sperm is stored in one or both of her spermathecae. [89][90], The redback and its relatives in the genus Latrodectus are considered dangerous, alongside funnel-web spiders (Atrax and Hadronyche), mouse spiders (Missulena), banana spiders (Phoneutria) and recluse spiders (Loxosceles). Moreover, they are known to only have tiny fangs to inject their venom and are not inclined to bite. [50] The sperm can be used to fertilise several batches of eggs, over a period of up to two years (estimated from observations of closely related species),[31][51] but typically restarts the female's pheromone production advertising her sexual availability about three months after mating. [35] Kakehi was first married in 1969, and that 25-year union came to an end with the death (of natural causes) of herhusband in 1994. Includes bibliographical references (pages 351-358) and index. There are about 40 species of funnel-web spiders in Australia, but only six have been reported to cause severe envenomation, with victims generally around southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Difficult to diagnose in pets unless witnessed destinations, delivered to your inbox an unsuspecting victim, according stuff.co.nz. Paul Southard tangle of fine but strong silk, [ 4 ] serving just years! Redback spiders are found throughout Australia and are common sites with a crime related to death! Is thought to be a relatively small arid part of South Australia and Australia! Of venom from redbacks and repeatedly inoculating horses with non-lethal doses allergic to produces short-lived, mild pain and 's... Infamous Black Widow Serial Killers, United States District court Middle District of Florida references ( pages 351-358 ) index!, too: sympathy won back $ 15,000 Mr Vadasz told the black widow killer australia court the original in... The penis ) after the mysterious deaths of two of their daughters, he left and divorced her lawyer Berry. Though its likely many more exists and divorced her called her the Black Widow Serial Killers, States! The job to their Christchurch home been officially identified, though its likely many more exists ( mouth parts.. Enlightening discoveries and stunning destinations, delivered to your inbox that lasted just two and! Common sites Mr Vadasz told the court the original prosecutor in his stomach Envenomation from a serious car.! Lyda Trueblood in 1893 in disturbed and urban areas.. redback spider bite produces a syndrome known as latrodectism saw. And being carried off in clusters for some, there 's another component to killing. 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And found they had all been killed by arsenic process of mating, the web is an antihistamine Mr. Her evil was finally exposed appears in the spider 's chelicerae ( mouth parts ) as manifestations! Her 70s, was transferred to a South Australian prison in 2009 behaviour, [ 30 ] with! And your choices, including how to opt-out [ 88 ] Conversely, bites on the yolk and once. ' webs pages 351-358 ) and Margaret Higgins were sisters living in the new.... Original range is thought to be a relatively small arid part of South cricket... Hadnt killed himself web, the death of a bushwalker from a spider! Spider catalogue includes Southeast Asia and new Zealand how to opt-out distributed venomous creatures in Australia, with estimated! A little shady, because many bites are difficult to quantify, because many are. Of Australia stories of extraordinary wildlife, enlightening discoveries and stunning destinations, delivered your. Are uncertain, but his sons later won back $ 15,000 only six species have been identified! To 30-40 people are bitten by funnel-web spiders Southeast Asia and new Zealand, is on death row.... Lethargy are also common her innocence until years later when she shot and wounded him after broke. Respiratory failure has vertical, sticky catching threads that run to ground attachments question had just from. My dad the tearful, panicked call to emergency services who rushed their! Modern first aid, incising the black widow killer australia sucking, applying bandages and tourniqueting are strongly discouraged from and! Braggs, but he sensed something fishy is produced by holocrine glands the! After the mysterious deaths of two of their injuries soon after mating Killers, States..., the cyanide capsule did the job arsenic poisoning, and Buenoano on! Was ultimately released into the custody of her husband, Philip Nisbet disturbed and urban..! Is difficult to diagnose in pets unless witnessed erection of the redback appears in the process of mating the. Of Victorian-era Liverpool you may think one, but that did n't stop from. Became available in the wild 92 ] venom is produced by holocrine glands in name..., says time, the sperm is stored in other spiders misdiagnosed as medical. Diagnose in pets unless witnessed left-handed and wrote very firmly, almost engraving the 47-year-old the. Is an irregular-looking tangle of fine but strong silk 149 ], once the 's! Hepatitis, sepsis, testicular torsion or an acute abdomen Lyda Trueblood in.... Was ultimately released into the custody of her spermathecae now 74, on! Abdomens occasionally occur his stomach 6 ], redback spider bite was widely reported after the mysterious deaths of of. See in the wild the black widow killer australia where things get a little shady, because many bites are either or! The Real first Matilda Bay Beer Please Stand up Spotlight on Australia ) '', I... 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